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Halloween

The word Halloween was first used in the 16th century and represents a Scottish variant of the fuller All-Hallows'-Even ("evening"), that is, the night before All Hallows' Day. Although the phrase All Hallows' is found in Old English (ealra hālgena mæssedæg, mass-day of all saints), All-Hallows-Even is itself not seen until 1556.

Halloween is also thought to have been heavily influenced by the Christian holy days of All Saints' Day (also known as Hallowmas, All Hallows, and Hallowtide) and All Souls' Day. Falling on 1 and 2 November respectively, collectively they were a time for honoring the saints and praying for the recently departed who had yet to reach heaven. By the end of the 12th century they had become holy days of obligation across Europe and involved such traditions as ringing bells for the souls in purgatory and "souling", the custom of baking bread or soul cakes for "all crysten christened souls". It was traditionally believed that the souls of the departed wandered the earth until All Saints' Day, and All Hallows' Eve provided one last chance for the dead to gain vengeance on their enemies before moving onto the next world.

Trick-or-treating is a customary celebration for children on Halloween. Children go in costume from house to house, asking for treats such as candy or sometimes money, with the question, "Trick or treat?" The word "trick" refers to a (mostly idle) "threat" to perform mischief on the homeowners or their property if no treat is given. In this custom the child performs some sort of trick, i.e. sings a song or tells a ghost story, to earn their treats.

The taste in Hallowe'en festivities now is to study old traditions, and hold a Scotch party, using Burn's poem Hallowe'en as a guide; or to go a-souling as the English used. In short, no custom that was once honored at Hallowe'en is out of fashion now.

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Medical Practice

A medical practice or practice of medicine is the practice of medicine, as performed by a medical practitioner—a physician (medical doctor). Mostly, practicing medicine involves giving a diagnosis and prescribing a treatment for medical condition. "Health is Wealth" according to this statement, the most important thing in the world is no other than a person's health. So, every single person should priotise their health than any other thing in the world. Hence, there is a need of medical practice all over the world and the medical facilities also should be promoted. Most of the people have the habit of going for a check up only when they are ill or they are unable to continue their daily life. It should not be done but rather a person should go for the check up in certain time gaps to remain in good health. Well educated and experienced doctors should be given the chances. Proper medical practice helps everyone to live a healthy and happy life. You can start your medical practice here Starting a Medical Practice

Saving Money

The main factor today in every field is money. Without money one has no value in the society. S/He will not be able to fulfill any of their needs and will suffer a lot. Some people have so much money with them that they can spend it on whatever they like but there are most of the people who just can fulfill their basic needs and not able to spend their money vaguely . Sometimes their income may be temporarily be stopped due to some reasons or they might have health problems. At that time they will have a hard timeout. So for the situation like that to come savings must be done. Saving money is a good habit and when in need one can spend it accordingly. Readmore

Global Warming

Global warming is the rise in the average temperature of Earth's atmosphere and oceans since the late 19th century, and its projected continuation. Since the early 20th century, Earth's mean surface temperature has increased by about 0.8 °C (1.4 °F), with about two-thirds of the increase occurring since 1980. Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, and scientists are more than 90% certain that it is primarily caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases produced by human activities such as deforestration and the burning of fossil fuels. These findings are recognized by the national science academies of all major industrialized nations.

Climate model projections are summarized in the 2007 Fourth Assements Report (AR4) by the Intergovernmental Pannel on climate Change (IPCC). They indicate that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 1.1 to 2.9 °C (2 to 5.2 °F) for their lowest emissons scenario and 2.4 to 6.4 °C (4.3 to 11.5 °F) for their highest^. The ranges of these estimates arise from the use of models with differing sensitivity to greenhouse gas concentations.

An increase in global temperature will cause sea levels to ris and will change the amount and pattern of precipitation, as well as cause a probable expansion of subtropical deserts. Warming is expected to be strongest in the Artic and would be associated with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely effects of the warming include a more frequent occurrence of extreme-weather events including heat waves, droughts and heavy rainfall, species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes, and changes in crop yeilds. Warming and related changes will vary from region to region around the globe, with projections being more robust in some areas than others. If global mean temperature increases to 4 °C (7.2 °F) above preindustrial levels, the limits for human adaptation are likely to be exceeded in many parts of the world, while the limits of adaptation for natural systems would largely be exceeded throughout the world. Hence, the ecosystem services upon which human livelihoods depend would not be preserved.
Policy responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, and possible future geoengineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic ( i.e. human-induced ) climate change  . Parties to the UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaption to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level. A 2011 report of analyses by the United Nations Environment Programme and International Energy Agency suggest that efforts as of the early 21st century to reduce emissions may be inadequate to meet the UNFCCC's 2 °C target.

Political Ecology

Political ecology’s broad scope and interdisciplinary nature lends itself to multiple definitions and understandings. However, common assumptions across the field give it relevance. Ramond L.Bryant and Sinead Bailey have developed three fundamental assumptions in practicing political ecology:

• First, costs and benefits associated with environmental change are distributed unequally. Changes in the environment do not affect society in a homogenous way: political, social, and economic differences account for uneven distribution of costs and benefits
• Second, this unequal distribution inevitably reinforces or reduces existing social and economic inequalities. In this assumption, political ecology runs into inherent political economies as “any change in environmental conditions must affect the political and economic status quo.” (Bryant and Bailey 1997, p. 28).

• Third, the unequal distribution of costs and benefits and the reinforcing or reducing of pre-existing inequalities holds political implications in terms of the altered power relationships that now result. 

In addition, political ecology attempts to provide critiques as well as alternatives in the interplay of the environment and political, economic and social factors. Robbins asserts that the discipline has a “normative understanding that there are very likely better, less coercive, less exploitative, and more sustainable ways of doing things” (2004, 12). 

From this assumption, political ecology can be used to:

• inform policymakers and organizations of the complexities surrounding environment and development, thereby contributing to better environmental governance.
• understand the decisions that communities make about the natural environment in the context of their political environment, economic pressure, and societal regulations
• look at how unequal relations in and among societies affect the natural environment, especially in context of government policy.

 

Marketing

Marketing is "the activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large."

For business to consumer marketing, it is "the process by which companies create value for customers and build strong customer relationships, in order to capture value from customers in return". For business to business marketing it is creating value, solutions, and relationships either short term or long term with a company or brand. 

It generates the strategy that underlies sales techniques, business communication, and business developments.It is an integrated process through which companies build strong customer relationship and create value for their customers and for themselves.

Marketing is used to identify the customer, satisfy the customer, and keep the customer. With the customer as the focus of its activities, marketing management is one of the major components of business mangement. Marketing evolved to meet the stasis in developing new markets caused by mature markets and overcapacities in the last 2-3 centuries. The adoption of marketing strategies requires businesses to shift their focus from production to the perceived needs and wants of their customers as the means of staying profitable.

The term marketing concept holds that achieving organizational goals depends on knowing the needs and wants of target markets and delivering the desired satisfactions. It proposes that in order to satisfy its organizational objectives, an organization should anticipate the needs and wants of consumers and satisfy these more effectively than competitors.

The term developed from an original meaning which referred literally to going to a market to buy or sell goods or services. Seen from a systems point of view, sales process engineering marketing is "a set of processes that are interconnected and interdependent with other functions, whose methods can be improved using a variety of relatively new approaches." visit link building service for more details.

Ecological Problems

Ecological systems such as the systems of plants, animals and micro-organisms and the non-living components of their environment like forests and estuaries are almost irreversibly impaired by man, thereby impeding  the ecological processes production of oxygen, soil formation and protection, the recycling of nutrients and the cleansing of air and water. Our planet’s life-support systems are threatened. Human activities are making our planet, the only place we can inhabit, less suitable for life.

Land is being improvised. Erosion is rampant almost everywhere. The fertile soils of valleys are washed to the sea. Deserts are marching at the rate of almost 60,000 square kilometers a year. Disappearance of arable land is accelerated by the spread of concrete and tarmac. In the developing countries, villagers strip trees and shrubs for fuel and make land barren. Tropical forests contract and their resources shrink. There is over-fishing and the resultant loss of seafood. Environmental destruction threatens thousands of species of flora and fauna. Urban development destroys prime farm lands. The impact of denudation of forests in the climate is a matter of grave concern. Forests today do not absorb carbon dioxide, but they release carbon dioxide by wood and fossil fuel combustion can raise air temperatures, and the consequence of the ‘greenhouse effect’ could be staggering.

The effects of these human activities are there for all to see. Hunger and misery affect a large number of people. We have to face the problem of sharing the resources of our planet among ourselves. It is also necessary to share between ourselves and the coming generations and also between mankind and animals. We have to make our planet habitable.

EffectsTo The Environment

Is man a part of nature or is he its destroyer, homo extinction?  If the current unrestrained exploitation of the nature by man, who has control over the air, sea and water, continues, he will be leading not only himself but also other forms of life to disaster. If he is man-the-wise, then certainly he should exercise humanity and restraint in his dealing with nature. He would not destroy other forms of life that interface with his profit, pleasure or convenience. Man has for centuries lived at peace with nature; now he, with his technology and sheer numbers, has reached a stage when many fear that our planet may not sustain the future generations. Ecological breakdown and destruction of soil are serious problems in many countries. Man’s preoccupation with the technology should not make him blind to biological realities. We are making a fundamental error when we assume that we can be masters of nature. Are we not, in our effort to subdue nature, removing the very basis of our continued existence?

Degrading Environment

Nowadays the people are becoming more technology dependent. Every single person wants his life go on in an easier way where he/she can use all the possible technology. Ofcourse, the advancement of the technology has ease our life but on the other hand it has spoiled our life in many ways. It has its most affect in the nature, we use vehicles for our transportaion be easier but the exaust of those vehicles mix harmful gases to the atmosphere which will unbalance the natural phenomenon of the environment. Also mobile phones effect the liffe of bees, industries also mix the gases harmful to the living beings.